power: personal power versus power over

  • personal power:
    • comes from within
    • is characterized by
      • self-confidence
      • belief in oneself
      • self-esteem
  • power over another:
    • is either given by, or must be taken from, the other
    • means responsibility with the ability and the authority to carry out the responsibility
  • The two kinds of power are independent of each other:
    • a person who has given a lot of power over himself/herself to another may have a lot or very little personal power
    • a person who holds a lot of power over another person may have a lot or very little personal power. For example, a good mother may have a lot of personal power. A bully, on the other hand, has very little personal power, and uses the power over others - which he has stolen from them - to try to get personal power. (It doesn't work, of course; you can't get personal power from another.)
  • power, as the term will be used here from now on:
    • refers to 'power over'